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Brief History | Mongolian
Empire | Warriors
of Chinggis Khaan | Mongolia
under Manchuria | Bogd
Khaan Mongolia | Mongolian
People's Republic (MPR) | Democratic Mongolia
Democratic Mongolia
As the Soviet regime faltered in the late 1980s,
Mongolians were given more freedom to express
themselves in art and culture. The cult of Chinggis
Khaan, repressed during communism, was even given
a spark of life. More power was given to government
underlings and trade missions were set up with
Western countries. In March 1990, large pro-democracy
demonstrations erupted in the square in front
of the parliament building in Ulaanbaatar and
hunger strikes were held. The system changed without
bloodshed.
By May 1990 the government amended the constitution
to permit multiparty elections, although rural
areas voted overwhelmingly to stay under the protective
shelter of the communist party. A new constitution
set up the government as a parliamentary republic
with a president at its head. The Mongolian People’s
Revolutionary Party (MPRP), reshaped themselves
as Social Democrats, but slow reform forced their
ouster in 1996.
The Democratic Coalition, whose core members included
the young revolutionaries of 1990, sped up the
pace of economic reform at the behest of international
lenders. Yet their inexperience on the political
field proved their downfall; high level corruption
and the murder of a prominent politician caused
the fall of three successive governments and the
MPRP was voted back into power in 2000.
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