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Mongolia under Manchuria
During the 14th and 15th centuries, the Mongols
lost their previous unity and were divided into
Eastern Mongols and Western Mongols (Oirat Mongols).
Then in the 16th century the Eastern Mongols split
up into Outer Mongolia (Khalh Mongolia) and Inner
Mongolia. The Mongols waged war on each other,
and dominance went first to Oirat Mongolia and
then to East Mongolia. East Mongolia was the more
powerful. At the beginning of the 17th century,
the Zurchid tribe of Manchurians became powerful
and established the State of Qin.
The Manchurians subdued Inner Mongolia in the
1630s, Khalh Mongolia in 1691 and Oirat Mongolia
in 1757. While the emperor brutally crushed dissent
he supported the corrupt Mongol nobility and appeased
them with superfluous titles. The 17th-20th century
period was the most tragic for the Mongols. Cut
off from the outside world and heavily in debt,
Manchu subjugation was nothing short of brutal.
During this time Tibetan monks were dispatched
to Mongolia to convert the masses who had for
centuries believed in a pantheon of shamanic spirits.
The Tibetans were largely successful and some
700 monasteries were built, training one out of
three males to become monks.
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